Welcome to Equal

The National Association For Equal Opportunity In Higher Education Page

Welcome to our site where we have collected recent news and resources for National Association For Equal Opportunity In Higher Education.

Latest National Association For Equal Opportunity In Higher Education News

National Association For Equal Opportunity In Higher Education Questions asked

Resolved Question: Bharat Ratn for whom?

I have two deserving candidates for India's highest civilian award Bharat Ratn. I have listed my views why I think these are most deserving candidates for Bharat Ratn. I do not consider any politician of any party deserving candidate for Bharat Ratn. Can you add more to this list? Dr. Ashok Jhunjhunwala: A firm believer that India needs Indian solutions, this professor at IIT, Madras goes beyond just teaching. Ashok Jhunjhunwala is an entrepreneur who has founded seven companies centering around new technology or innovations in existing technology. His TeNet group has incubated many telecom and banking products for rural markets, like a low-cost ATM and a remote medical diagnostic kit. Inventor of Wireless Local Loop. Advised government to purchase the under water sea cable when was on the VSNL board thus today India is self dependent in the field of Internet. And the interesting part about this person is, he is still an IIT Madras professor living in IIT Madras campus, uses Bajaj super for commuting withing campus, not a CEO of a Multi National Company or a millionaire. He does not own a car. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashok_Jhunjhunwala http://images.businessweek.com/ss/09/04/0415_india_most_powerful/14.htm http://www.rediff.com/news/2002/mar/27inter.htm http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=2089147957292061314 Murlidhar Devidas Amte or Baba Amte http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baba_Amte Life long worked for Leprosy patients. He found several asharms for leprosy patients including anandwan. Some awards: Awarded by the Government of India Padma Shree, 1971[19] Padma Vibhushan, 1986 Welfare of the Disabled Award, 1986 Gandhi Peace Prize, 1999 Dr. Ambedkar International Award for Social Change, 1999: In recognition of outstanding work done in pursuing the cause of the exploited and the underprivileged, reconciling differences among conflicting social groups and contributing significantly to social change International Awards: Ramon Magsaysay Award for Public Service, Philippines, 1985 Damien-Dutton Award, USA, 1983: Highest international award in the field of leprosy United Nations Human Rights Prize, 1988: For outstanding achievement in the field of human rights (to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights) International Giraffe Award, USA, 1989 The Templeton Prize for Progress in Religion, USA, 1990 Global 500, United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), 1991: The Roll of Honour for Environmental Achievement The Right Livelihood Award, Sweden, 1991 (often described as the "alternative Nobel prize",[17][18] jointly awarded to Baba Amte and Medha Patkar for the Narmada Bachao Andolan):"...for their inspired opposition to the disastrous Narmada Valley dams project and their promotion of alternatives designed to benefit the poor and the environment" Other awards Dalit Mitra Award, 1974: Government of Maharashtra Rashtriya Bhushan (Pride of the Nation), 1978: F.I.E. (India) Foundation Jamnalal Bajaj Award, 1979 N.D. Diwan Award, 1980: National Society for Equal Opportunities for the 'Handicapped' (NASEOH), Bombay Ramshastri Award, 1983: Ramshastri Prabhune Foundation, Maharashtra, India Indira Gandhi Memorial Award, 1985: Government of Madhya Pradesh for outstanding social service Raja Ram Mohan Roy Award, 1986: Delhi Fr. Maschio Platinum Jubilee Award, 1987: Bombay G.D. Birla International Award, 1988: For outstanding contribution to humanism Mahdeo Balwant Natu Puraskar, 1991, Pune, Maharashtra Adivasi Sewak Award, 1991, Government of Maharashtra Kusumagraj Puraskar, 1991 Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Dalit Mitra Award, 1992, Government of Maharashtra Shri Nemichand Shrishrimal Award, 1994 Fr. Tong Memorial Award, 1995, Voluntary Health Association of India Kushta Mitra Puraskar, 1995: Vidarbha Maharogi Sewa Mandal, Amravati, Maharashtra Bhai Kanhaiya Award, 1997: Sri Guru Harkrishan Education Trust, Bhatinda, Punjab Manav Sewa Award, 1997: Young Men's Gandhian Association, Rajkot, Gujarat Sarthi Award, 1997, Nagpur, Maharashtra Mahatma Gandhi Charitable Trust Award, 1997, Nagpur, Maharashtra Gruhini Sakhi Sachiv Puraskar, 1997, Gadima Pratishthan, Maharashtra Kumar Gandharva Puraskar, 1998 Apang Mitra Puraskar, 1998, Helpers of the Handicapped, Kolhapur, Maharashtra Bhagwan Mahaveer Award, 1998, Chennai Diwaliben Mohanlal Mehta Award, 1998, Mumbai Justice K. S. Hegde Award, 1998, Karnataka Baya Karve Award, 1998, Pune, Maharashtra Savitribai Phule Award, 1998, Government of Maharashtra Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry Award, 1988: FICCI, for outstanding achievements in training and placement of disabled persons. Satpaul Mittal Award, 1998, Nehru Sidhant Kendra Trust, Ludhiana, Punjab Adivasi Sevak Puraskar, 1998, Government of Maharashtra. Maharastra Bhusan, 2004, Government of Maharastra [20] [21] Bharathvasa award,2008प्रिय हिन्दू, मै डॉक्टर झुनझुनवाला के विषय में १९९९ में जानने लगा, मैंने उन्हें एक सेमिनार में सुना और लगा की इस व्यक्ति के पास भारत के लिए एक सपना है, और तब से मैंने निरंतर इनका अध्ययन किया| और मेरे जो समझ आया की, इस व्यक्ति की क्षमता और दूरदृष्टि से भारत का अत्यधिक फायदा हो चुका है और होता रहेगा| एक उदहारण मै और देना दूंगा, इन्होने, IIT के सहयोग से IIT के पूर्व छात्र छात्रों के साथ कुछ टेलिकॉम कंपनी शुरू की, जिससे भारत के ये प्रतिभाशाली छात्र भारत में ही रहे| कुछ ऐसी कंपनी MIDAS COM, BANYAN NETWORK, NILGIRI, NMS WORKS और ऐसी कुल ९ कंपनी है|Dear Mukul, There are many more such people who work for no selfish cause but for the nation and humanity. Like Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, Mother Teresa. Then less meda fame Sunderlal Bahuguna of Chipko Andolan, Famous Indian nuclear experimental physicist Dr. Harish Chandra Verma. I was trying to collect suggestions from the Yahoo users, because I want to send ONE name to Presidnet and Prime Minister through my not for profit social cause organization as a request. So far these two names are on the top of the list.FRIENDS, REQUEST TO PLEASE SUGGEST ONLY NON-POLITICIANS. THANK-YOU FOR YOUR HELP.AND ALSO PLEASE POST YOUR VIEWS WHY THAT INDIVIDUAL SHOULD BE AWARDED WITH BHARAT-RATN WITH FACTS. WHAT THAT INDIVIDUAL HAS DONE FOR THE NATION?Thank-you gayemala and ap, Mr. Nagavara Ramarao Narayana Murthy is defienetely a potential candidate. Thanks Let the world live in peace, for your suggestion on Mr. Ratan Tata. But I think you have given the answer yourself. Most of the projects for social cause are started by JRD not by Mr. Ratan Tata. And I also think, Mr. Ratan Tata will be anyways awarded by Bharat Ratn, in future by Indian government as he is a big media fame too. I admire him a lot personally.SO FAR I HAVE TWO ADDITIONAL SUGGESITONS, MR NARAYAN MOORTHI AND MR. RATAN TATA. GUYS, DO YOU HAVE ANY OTHER SUGGESTIONS? more

Resolved Question: History Help Please i need help no haters?

. What phrase describes the treatment blacks received in the years before World War II? (Points: 1) separate but equal integrated and equal separate and unequal integrated but unequal 2. Which was not a hardship African Americans experienced in the years preceding World War II? (Points: 1) segregation in schools discrimination in employment and housing difficulty voting problems marrying one another 3. What were blacks hoping for following their service in World War II? (Points: 1) separate but equal schools an end to Jim Crow laws more opportunities for military service farm subsidies for sharecroppers 4. What is one way that life changed for many black Americans following World War II? (Points: 1) The lure of jobs took many to the North. Farming in the South improved with better weather. Housing segregation began to end. Opportunities in the West increased migration there. 5. Whose actions did not challenge the racial status quo during the 1940s? (Points: 1) Harry Truman Thurgood Marshall Jackie Robinson Martin Luther King, Jr. 6. What organization worked to improve the situation for blacks in the 1940s? (Points: 1) Southern Christian Leadership Conference Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee The Black Panthers National Association for the Advancement of Colored People 7. What was the outcome of the Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education? (Points: 1) Blacks could attend white schools if they chose to. Racial culture in the South quickly changed. It declared that separate schools for blacks and whites were fundamentally unequal. It created a basis for the federal regulation and control of education. 8. What did blacks hope to gain by boycotting the buses in Montgomery, Alabama? (Points: 1) They wanted to see the fares go down so they could afford to ride. They thought they would be arrested and the publicity would help their cause. They hoped to use economic pressure to end segregation on the buses. They wanted the Montgomery Bus Company to begin transporting students to public schools. 9. Which is not an example of white resistance to desegregation? (Points: 1) stalling the efforts to integrate schools closing public schools and providing private school vouchers to white parents admitting only a few black students to white schools sending the poorest white students into black schools 10. How did the federal government respond when the governor of Arkansas refused to allow black students to enroll in Little Rock's Central High School? (Points: 1) President Eisenhower sent federal troops to escort and protect the students. The federal government deferred to the rights of the state. President Eisenhower met with the governor who then allowed the students to enroll. The federal government reminded the governor that admission was a decision for the local school system, not the state. more

Resolved Question: History Multiple Choice Questions?

1. What has been one of the greatest obstacles to achieving racial integration of public schools in the United States? A. Federal courts have avoided dealing with public education. B. Many cities have local laws requiring children of different races to attend different schools. C. Separate but equal public education is still legal in many states. D. Segregated housing patterns are still common in many communities. 2. By the end of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1970s, African Americans have generally A. Found it difficult to move up from the lower class. B. Prospered as part of the upper class in the U.S. C. Done very well as part of the middle class. D. Blended into mainstream America. 3. The organization that instituted education, health, and legal programs for Native Americans was the A. American Indian Movement (AIM) B. Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) C. Federal Bureau of Indian Affairs ( FBIA) D. Native American Legal Fund ( FALF) 4. What was one perspective of African-Americans that was reflected in the founding of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)? A. the desire to preserve cultural traditions B. the desire to end racial discrimination C. the belief that segregation was necessary to maintain social order D. the belief that collective bargaining would lead to higher incomes 5. The National Organization for Women (NOW) was founded A. as part of womens involvement in the abolitionist movement prior to the Civil War. B. To help women fight for the right to vote during the early twentieth century. C. As part of the womens movement of the 1960s to gain fulfillment in their lives. D. To help women overcome AIDS in the 1990s. 6. In 1964, President Lyndon Johnson persuaded Congress to pass the Civil Rights Act, which outlawed racial discrimination in public places, such as theaters, cafeterias and hotels. This was an attempt to A. maintain poll taxes for African-Americans. B. stop African-American northward migration. C. end segregation legalized by Jim Crow laws. D. segregate public busing in major American cities. 7. In the 19th century, many Americans considered Native Americans to be inferior to people of European ancestry. This resulted in discrimination and conflict between European settlers and Native Americans. One consequence of this discrimination was that many Native Americans were A. displaced from their former homelands. B. prevented from trading with European settlers. C. Forced to maintain their cultural heritage. D. Persecuted for killing buffalo on the great plains. 8. The Indian Tribal Justice Act of 1993 is an example of federal civil rights legislation. Read the following excerpt from the act: Indian tribes possess the inherent authority to establish their own form of government, including tribal justice systems ... traditional tribal justice practices are essential to the maintenance of the culture and identity of Indian tribes. This act was an attempt to redress the consequences of A. the use of internment camps during World War II. B. past government policies that oppressed and discriminated against Native Americans. C. granting citizenship to Native Americans under the 1924 General Citizenship Act. D. Jim Crow legislation enacted by southern states during the late 1800s and early 1900s. 9. Although the 14th Amendment to the Constitution extended the rights of citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States, discrimination on the basis of gender still existed throughout much of the country during the late 1800s. Which was a consequence of this discrimination? A. the end of the military draft for women B. The growth of the womens suffrage movement C. the beginning of sit-ins to desegregate lunch counters D. the continuation of efforts to end university admissions quotas 10. In the late 19th century many Southern states passed Jim Crow laws. What was the purpose of these laws? A. To encourage businesses to hire African Americans. B. To legalize racial segregation. C. To encourage higher education for children in Southern states. D. To end racial segregation in public schools. 11. Hispanic-American Farm workers organized the United Farm Workers to persuade farm owners to treat them more fairly. One perspective of these workers was A. their belief that the owners unfair hiring practices denied them equal opportunity for employment B. their belief that immigration laws should be tightened. C. their belief that women should not work on farms. D. their belief that farm laborers should become stockholders in the farms on which they worked. 12. What was the perspective of women who founded the National Organization for Women (NOW) in 1966? A. Women wanted to receive equal pay a more

Resolved Question: American Studies Help?

1. What has been one of the greatest obstacles to achieving racial integration of public schools in the United States? A. Federal courts have avoided dealing with public education. B. Many cities have local laws requiring children of different races to attend different schools. C. Separate but equal public education is still legal in many states. D. Segregated housing patterns are still common in many communities. 2. By the end of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1970s, African Americans have generally A. Found it difficult to move up from the lower class. B. Prospered as part of the upper class in the U.S. C. Done very well as part of the middle class. D. Blended into mainstream America. 3. The organization that instituted education, health, and legal programs for Native Americans was the A. American Indian Movement (AIM) B. Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) C. Federal Bureau of Indian Affairs ( FBIA) D. Native American Legal Fund ( FALF) 4. What was one perspective of African-Americans that was reflected in the founding of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)? A. the desire to preserve cultural traditions B. the desire to end racial discrimination C. the belief that segregation was necessary to maintain social order D. the belief that collective bargaining would lead to higher incomes 5. The National Organization for Women (NOW) was founded A. as part of women’s involvement in the abolitionist movement prior to the Civil War. B. To help women fight for the right to vote during the early twentieth century. C. As part of the women’s movement of the 1960’s to gain fulfillment in their lives. D. To help women overcome AIDS in the 1990’s. 6. In 1964, President Lyndon Johnson persuaded Congress to pass the Civil Rights Act, which outlawed racial discrimination in public places, such as theaters, cafeterias and hotels. This was an attempt to A. maintain poll taxes for African-Americans. B. stop African-American northward migration. C. end segregation legalized by Jim Crow laws. D. segregate public busing in major American cities. 7. In the 19th century, many Americans considered Native Americans to be inferior to people of European ancestry. This resulted in discrimination and conflict between European settlers and Native Americans. One consequence of this discrimination was that many Native Americans were A. displaced from their former homelands. B. prevented from trading with European settlers. C. Forced to maintain their cultural heritage. D. Persecuted for killing buffalo on the great plains. 8. The Indian Tribal Justice Act of 1993 is an example of federal civil rights legislation. Read the following excerpt from the act: “Indian tribes possess the inherent authority to establish their own form of government, including tribal justice systems ... traditional tribal justice practices are essential to the maintenance of the culture and identity of Indian tribes.” This act was an attempt to redress the consequences of A. the use of internment camps during World War II. B. past government policies that oppressed and discriminated against Native Americans. C. granting citizenship to Native Americans under the 1924 General Citizenship Act. D. Jim Crow legislation enacted by southern states during the late 1800s and early 1900s. 9. Although the 14th Amendment to the Constitution extended the rights of citizenship to “all persons” born or naturalized in the United States, discrimination on the basis of gender still existed throughout much of the country during the late 1800s. Which was a consequence of this discrimination? A. the end of the military draft for women B. The growth of the women’s suffrage movement C. the beginning of sit-ins to desegregate lunch counters D. the continuation of efforts to end university admissions quotas 10. In the late 19th century many Southern states passed Jim Crow laws. What was the purpose of these laws? A. To encourage businesses to hire African Americans. B. To legalize racial segregation. C. To encourage higher education for children in Southern states. D. To end racial segregation in public schools. 11. Hispanic-American Farm workers organized the United Farm Workers to persuade farm owners to treat them more fairly. One perspective of these workers was A. their belief that the owners’ unfair hiring practices denied them equal opportunity for employment B. their belief that immigration laws should be tightened. C. their belief that women should not work on farms. D. their belief that farm laborers should become stockholders in the farms on which they worked. 12. What was the perspective of women who founded the National Organization for Women (NOW) in 1966? A. Women wanted to receive equal pay and opportunities for advancement in the workplace. B. Women were afraid of being forced to work in phys more

Resolved Question: i need history whizzes....................................................?

After the Civil War/War Between the States, women not only continued to lead the fight for improving all kinds of living conditions, but the took an increasing interest in public affairs. They proved themselves capable leader of the movements they supported. Clara Barton, who had helped the sick and wounded in the Civil War/War Between the States, founded the American Red Cross in 1881. She was for many years its able and energetic leader. Women like Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were leaders of the National Woman's Suffrage Association. They overcame ridicule and strong opposition in their efforts to win equal rights for women. The growth of industry also helped to change the old beliefs about women's rights. As factories and businesses multiplied, more and more opportunities outside the home were opened to women. The wages women received in these jobs gave them more freedom. New industries also turned on labor�saving aids to help women in their homes -such aids as gas and electric stoves, vacuum cleaners, electric refrigerators, and washing machines. Housework became easier, and women had more time for interests outside their homes. Many colleges, formerly limited to men, now accepted women students. A number of women's colleges were founded. Because the opportunities for college education were greater, women were able to enter the different professions. Women Win Suffrage Changes such as those we have mentioned made it seem less and less sensible to deny women the right to vote. By 1900, four states west of the Mississippi River had approved woman suffrage (they had granted women the right to vote). Leaders in the battle for women's rights had to fight long and hard to bring suffrage to all American women. These leaders wrote newspaper articles and gave lectures. They even paraded before the White House to awaken the public to the need for this reform. At length, the Nineteenth Amendment (1920) was added to the Constitution, extending the right of suffrage to women. Women in all parts of the country voted in the election of 1920. Since that time they have taken more and more interest in government. Women today not only vote, but hold many offices in our national, state, and local governments. {The periodical, ]"The Woman Rebel", told the working woman that there is no freedom for her until she has this knowledge which will enable her to say if she will become a mother or not. The fewer children she had to cook, wash and toil for, the more leisure she would have to read, think and develop. That freedom demands leisure, and her first freedom must be in her right of herself over her own body; the right to say what she will do with it in marriage and out of it; the right to become a mother, or not, as she desires and sees fit to do; that all these rights swing around the pivot of the means to prevent conception, and every woman had the right to have this knowledge if she wished it… I resolved, after a visit to France, where children are loved and wanted and cared for and educated, to devote my time and effort in giving this information to women who applied for it. I resolved to defy the law, not behind a barricade of law books and technicalities, but by giving the information to the workers directly in factory and workshop... (Source: Margaret Sanger, "Comstockery in America," International Socialist Review) The Industrial Revolution was dawning in the United States. At Lowell, Massachusetts, the construction of a big cotton mill began in 1821. It was the first of several that would be built there in the next 10 years. The machinery to spin and weave cotton into cloth would be driven by water power. All that the factory owners needed was a dependable supply of labor to tend the machines. As most jobs in cotton factories required neither great strength nor special skills, the owners thought women could do the work as well as or better than men. In addition, they were more compliant. The New England region was home to many young, single farm girls who might be recruited. But would stern New England farmers allow their daughters to work in factories? The great majority of them would not. They believed that sooner or later factory workers would be exploited and would sink into hopeless poverty. Economic "laws" would force them to work harder and harder for less and less pay. The Lowell Experiment How, then, were the factory owners able to recruit farm girls as laborers? They did it by building decent houses in which the girls could live. These houses were supervised by older women who made sure that the girls lived by strict moral standards. The girls were encouraged to go to church, to read, to write and to attend lectures. They saved part of their earnings to help their families at home or to use when they got married. The young factory workers did not earn high wages; the average pay was about $3.50 a week. But in those times, a half-dozen eggs cost five cent more

Resolved Question: my colleagues in the NASW have made their endorsement. What are your reactions?

I think its a good choice, but i AM a social worker after all. What are your reactions to the NASW press release below? (I think I know what some reactions will be here ------ LOL) The National Association of Social Workers enthusiastically endorses Barack Obama for President in 2008. Senator Obama holds the ideals of the profession in high regard as evidenced by his support of important legislation such as the Mental Health Parity Act, End Racial Profiling Act, and Healthy Families Act. Senator Obama attended Columbia University and moved to Chicago after graduation to become a community organizer in the tradition of Saul Alinksy and in the hometown of legendary social worker Jane Addams. He spent several years working to transform the South Side of Chicago and once noted, “It’s as a consequence of working with this organization and this community that I found my calling. There was something more than making money and getting a fancy degree. The measure of my life would be public service.” In order to help find solutions to the problems Senator Obama saw as a community organizer, he went on to pursue his law degree from Harvard Law School and was elected the first African American President of the Harvard Law Review. He served in the Illinois Senate for seven years before becoming a United States Senator. Barack Obama is an ally to social workers and the clients we serve including women, children, and people of color. He has vowed to promote equal opportunity and end discrimination, empowering people to make positive changes in their communities and in their lives. He is a strong supporter of civil rights legislation aimed at closing the pay equity gap, ending racial profiling, and reducing hate crimes across the country. Senator Obama has promised to make health care affordable for all Americans and has pledged to protect a woman’s right to choose. During his term as President, Senator Obama vows to strengthen the Medicare system that many of our clients depend on and is opposed to the privatization of our Social Security system. He pledges to reform No Child Left Behind, solve the current school dropout crisis, and make higher education affordable. Barack Obama is an ally to the profession and it is our responsibility to ensure that social work issues stay primary in his campaign. As president, Senator Obama will be making important appointments that affect the social work profession such as Secretary of Health and Human Services and Director of the National Institutes of Health. These key decisions will have an impact not only on the profession but the entire nation. There are several ways to ensure that social work plays a prominent role in the next administration. One of those ways is to volunteer with the Obama campaign. You can make phone calls, attend campaign events, or work in campaign offices across the country. Find out how to volunteer for his campaign by visiting www.barackobama.com. We hope that you will visit our endorsement site at www.socialworkers.org/pace/2008election/endorse.asp and learn more about the ways in which you can become involved in this historical presidential campaign. You can also learn more about NASW PACE advocacy, and find out how you can make your voice heard. For more information contact naswpace@naswdc.org. *Senator Obama is not accepting contributions from lobbyists or political action groups, however he will be accepting contributions from individuals. National Association of Social Workers 750 First Street, NE, Suite 700, Washington, DC 20002-4241 If you no longer wish to receive e-mail from us, please click here.For the right-wingers chiming in ---- is the current level of venom necessary? I'm trying to avoid that atmosphere on this one (just a thought, ok?).wow --- I ask that the level of venom be moderated, and we get no more answers. yikes ...Rev. Ricky ---- your answering is troubling. The NASW is not a "black" organization ---- I'm as white as they come, by the way. And, the AMA a "black" organization? As I said, this is troubling...Rev --- you did mean the AMA, right?hmm, looked it up, you are right about the NMA (not AMA). don't know why it being an organization for African-Americans is important, though. And, as I said, the NASW is for all social workers, of all races. (although there is an association for African-American social workers ----- separate and distinct from the NASW) more

Resolved Question: kamal roy epoisode in u s a politics_republican and general ; do u hear some ?

Resolved Question: in his speech what u think he is trying to say Robert F. Kennedy?

Mr. Chancellor, Mr. Vice Chancellor, Professor Robertson, Mr. Diamond, Mr. Daniel, Ladies and Gentlemen: I come here this evening because of my deep interest and affection for a land settled by the Dutch in the mid-seventeenth century, then taken over by the British, and at last independent; a land in which the native inhabitants were at first subdued, but relations with whom remain a problem to this day; a land which defined itself on a hostile frontier; a land which has tamed rich natural resources through the energetic application of modern technology; a land which was once the importer of slaves, and now must struggle to wipe out the last traces of that former bondage. I refer, of course, to the United States of America. But I am glad to come here, and my wife and I and all of our party are glad to come here to South Africa, and we are glad to come here to Capetown. I am already greatly enjoying my visit here. I am making an effort to meet and exchange views with people of all walks of life, and all segments of South African opinion -- including those who represent the views of the government. Today I am glad to meet with the National Union of South African Students. For a decade, NUSAS has stood and worked for the principles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights -- principles which embody the collective hopes of men of good will around the globe. Your work, at home and in international student affairs, has brought great credit to yourselves and your country. I know the National Student Association in the United States feels a particularly close relationship with this organization. And I wish to thank especially Mr. Ian Robertson, who first extended this invitation on behalf of NUSAS, I wish to thank him for his kindness to me in inviting me. I am very sorry that he can not be with us here this evening. I was happy to have had the opportunity to meet and speak with him earlier this evening, and I presented him with a copy of Profiles in Courage, which was a book written by President John Kennedy and was signed to him by President Kennedy's widow, Mrs. John Kennedy. This is a Day of Affirmation -- a celebration of liberty. We stand here in the name of freedom. At the heart of that western freedom and democracy is the belief that the individual man, the child of God, is the touchstone of value, and all society, all groups, and states, exist for that person's benefit. Therefore the enlargement of liberty for individual human beings must be the supreme goal and the abiding practice of any western society. The first element of this individual liberty is the freedom of speech; the right to express and communicate ideas, to set oneself apart from the dumb beasts of field and forest; the right to recall governments to their duties and obligations; above all, the right to affirm one's membership and allegiance to the body politic -- to society -- to the men with whom we share our land, our heritage and our children's future. Hand in hand with freedom of speech goes the power to be heard -- to share in the decisions of government which shape men's lives. Everything that makes man's lives worthwhile -- family, work, education, a place to rear one's children and a place to rest one's head -- all this depends on the decisions of government; all can be swept away by a government which does not heed the demands of its people, and I mean all of its people. Therefore, the essential humanity of man can be protected and preserved only where the government must answer -- not just to the wealthy; not just to those of a particular religion, not just to those of a particular race; but to all of the people. And even government by the consent of the governed, as in our own Constitution, must be limited in its power to act against its people: so that there may be no interference with the right to worship, but also no interference with the security of the home; no arbitrary imposition of pains or penalties on an ordinary citizen by officials high or low; no restriction on the freedom of men to seek education or to seek work or opportunity of any kind, so that each man may become all that he is capable of becoming. These are the sacred rights of western society. These were the essential differences between us and Nazi Germany as they were between Athens and Persia. They are the essences of our differences with communism today. I am unalterably opposed to communism because it exalts the state over the individual and over the family, and because its system contains a lack of freedom of speech, of protest, of religion, and of the press, which is characteristic of a totalitarian regime. The way of opposition to communism, however, is not to imitate its dictatorship, but to enlarge individual human freedom. There are those in every land who would label as "communist" every threat to their privilege. But may I say to you , as I have seen on my travels in all sections of the world, reform is not communism. And the denial of freedom, in whatever name, only strengthens the very communism it claims to oppose. Many nations have set forth their own definitions and declarations of these principles. And there have often been wide and tragic gaps between promise and performance, ideal and reality. Yet the great ideals have constantly recalled us to our own duties. And -- with painful slowness -- we in the United States have extended and enlarged the meaning and the practice of freedom to all of our people. For two centuries, my own country has struggled to overcome the self-imposed handicap of prejudice and discrimination based on nationality, on social class or race -- discrimination profoundly repugnant to the theory and to the command of our Constitution. Even as my father grew up in Boston, Massachusetts, signs told him that "No Irish Need Apply". Two generations later, President Kennedy became the first Irish Catholic, and the first Catholic, to head the nation; but how many men of ability had, before 1961, been denied the opportunity to contribute to the nation's progress because they were Catholic, or because they were of Irish extraction? How many sons of Italian or Jewish or Polish parents slumbered in the slums -- untaught, unlearned, their potential lost forever to our nation and to the human race? Even today, what price will we pay before we have assured full opportunity to millions of Negro Americans? In the last five years we have done more to assure equality to our Negro citizens and to help the deprived, both white and black, than in the hundred years before that time. But much, much more remains to be done. For there are millions of Negroes untrained for the simplest of jobs, and thousands every day denied their full and equal rights under the law; and the violence of the disinherited, the insulted and the injured, looms over the streets of Harlem and of Watts and Southside Chicago. But a Negro American trains as an astronaut, one of mankind's first explorers into outer space; another is the chief barrister of the United States government, and dozens sit on the benches of our court; and another, Dr. Martin Luther King, is the second man of African descent to win the Nobel Peace Prize for his non-violent efforts for social justice between all of the races. We have passed laws prohibiting discrimination in education, in employment, in housing; but these laws alone cannot overcome the heritage of centuries -- of broken families and stunted children, and poverty and degradation and pain. So the road toward equality of freedom is not easy, and great cost and danger march alongside all of us. We are committed to peaceful and non-violent change and that is important for all to understand -- though change is unsettling. Still, even in the turbulence of protest and struggle is greater hope for the future, as men learn to claim and achieve for themselves the rights formerly petitioned from others. And most important of all, all the panoply of government power has been committed to the goal of equality before the law -- as we are now committing ourselves to achievement of equal opportunity in fact. We must recognize the full human equality of all of our people -- before God, before the law, and in the councils of government. We must do this, not because it is economically advantageous -- although it is; not because the laws of God command it -- although they do; not because people in other lands wish it so. We must do it for the single and fundamental reason that it is the right thing to do. We recognize that there are problems and obstacles before the fulfillment of these ideals in the United States as we recognize that other nations, in Latin America and in Asia and in Africa have their own political, economic, and social problems, their unique barriers to the elimination of injustices. In some, there is concern that change will submerge the rights of a minority, particularly where that minority is of a different race than that of the majority. We in the United States believe in the protection of minorities; we recognize the contributions that they can make and the leadership they can provide; and we do not believe that any people -- whether majority or minority, or individual human beings -- are "expendable" in the cause of theory or policy. We recognize also that justice between men and nations is imperfect, and that humanity sometimes progresses very slowly indeed. All do not develop in the same manner and at the same pace. Nations, like men, often march to the beat of different drummers, and the precise solutions of the United States can neither be dictated nor transplanted to others, and that is not our intention. What is important however is that all nations must march toward increasing freedom; toward justice for all; toward a society strong and flexible enough to meet the demands of all of its people, whatever their race, and the demands of a world of immense and dizzying change that face us all. In a few hours, the plane that brought me to this country crossed over oceans and countries which have been a crucible of human history. In minutes we traced migrations of men over thousands of years; seconds, the briefest glimpse, and we passed battlefields on which millions of men once struggled and died. We could see no national boundaries, no vast gulfs or high walls dividing people from people; only nature and the works of man -- homes and factories and farms -- everywhere reflecting man's common effort to enrich his life. Everywhere new technology and communications brings men and nations closer together, the concerns of one inevitably become the concerns of all. And our new closeness is stripping away the false masks, the illusion of differences which is at the root of injustice and hate and war. Only earthbound man still clings to the dark and poisoning superstition that his world is bounded by the nearest hill, his universe ends at river's shore, his common humanity is enclosed in the tight circle of those who share his town or his views and the color of his skin. It is your job, the task of the young people in this world to strip the last remnants of that ancient, cruel belief from the civilization of man. Each nation has different obstacles and different goals, shaped by the vagaries of history and of experience. Yet as I talk to young people around the world I am impressed not by the diversity but by the closeness of their goals, their desires, and their concerns and their hope for the future. There is discrimination in New York, the racial inequality of apartheid in South Africa, and serfdom in the mountains of Peru. People starve to death in the streets of India; a former Prime Minister is summarily executed in the Congo; intellectuals go to jail in Russia; and thousands are slaughtered in Indonesia; wealth is lavished on armaments everywhere in the world. These are different evils; but they are the common works of man. They reflect the imperfections of human justice, the inadequacy of human compassion, the defectiveness of our sensibility toward the sufferings of our fellows; they mark the limit of our ability to use knowledge for the well-being of our fellow human beings throughout the world. And therefore they call upon common qualities of conscience and indignation, a shared determination to wipe away the unnecessary sufferings of our fellow human beings at home and around the world. It is these qualities which make of our youth today the only true international community. More than this I think that we could agree on what kind of a world we want to build. It would be a world of independent nations, moving toward international community, each of which protected and respected the basic human freedoms. It would be a world which demanded of each government that it accept its responsibility to insure social justice. It would be a world of constantly accelerating economic progress -- not material welfare as an end in of itself, but as a means to liberate the capacity of every human being to pursue his talents and to pursue his hopes. It would, in short, be a world that we would all be proud to have built. Just to the North of here are lands of challenge and of opportunity -- rich in natural resources, land and minerals and people. Yet they are also lands confronted by the greatest odds -- overwhelming ignorance, internal tensions and strife, and great obstacles of climate and geography. Many of these nations, as colonies, were oppressed and were exploited. Yet they have not estranged themselves from the broad traditions of the West; they are hoping and they are gambling their progress and their stability on the chance that we will meet our responsibilities to them, to help them overcome their poverty. In the world we would like to build, South Africa could play an outstanding role, and a role of leadership in that effort. This country is without question a preeminent repository of the wealth and the knowledge and the skill of the continent. Here are the greater part of Africa's research scientists and steel production, most of it reservoirs of coal and of electric power. Many South Africans have made major contributions to African technical development and world science; the names of some are known wherever men seek to eliminate the ravages of tropical disease and of pestilence. In your faculties and councils, here in this very audience, are hundreds and thousands of men and women who could transform the lives of millions for all time to come. But the help and leadership of South Africa or of the United States cannot be accepted if we -- within our own countries or in our relationships with others -- deny individual integrity, human dignity, and the common humanity of man. If we would lead outside our own borders; if we would help those who need our assistance; if we would meet our responsibilities to mankind; we must first, all of us, demolish the borders which history has erected between men within our own nations -- barriers of race and religion, social class and ignorance. Our answer is the world's hope; it is to rely on youth. The cruelties and the obstacles of this swiftly changing planet will not yield to obsolete dogmas and outworn slogans. It cannot be moved by those who cling to a present which is already dying, who prefer the illusion of security to the excitement and danger which comes with even the most peaceful progress. This world demands the qualities of youth: not a time of life but a state of mind, a temper of the will, a quality of imagination, a predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the life of ease -- a man like the Chancellor of this University. It is a revolutionary world that we all live in; and thus, as I have said in Latin America and Asia and in Europe and in my own country, the United States, it is the young people who must take the lead. Thus you, and your young compatriots everywhere have had thrust upon you a greater burden of responsibility than any generation that has ever lived. "There is," said an Italian philosopher, "nothing more difficult to take in hand, more perilous to conduct, or more uncertain in its success than to take the lead in the introduction of a new order of things." Yet this is the measure of the task of your generation and the road is strewn with many dangers. First is the danger of futility; the belief there is nothing one man or one woman cando against the enormous array of the world's ills -- against misery, against ignorance, or injustice and violence. Yet many of the world's great movements, of thought and action, have flowed from the work of a single man. A young monk began the Protestant reformation, a young general extended an empire from Macedonia to the borders of the earth, and a young woman reclaimed the territory of France. It was a young Italian explorer who discovered the New /world, and 32 year old Thomas Jefferson who proclaimed that all men are created equal. "Give me a place to stand," said Archimedes, "and I will move the world." These men moved the world, and so can we all. Few will have the greatness to bend history; but each of us can work to change a small portion of the events, and in the total of all these acts will be written the history of this generation. Thousands of Peace Corps volunteers are making a difference in the isolated villages and the city slums of dozens of countries. Thousands of unknown men and women in Europe resisted the occupation of the Nazis and many died, but all added to the ultimate strength and freedom of their countries. It is from numberless diverse acts of courage such as these that the belief that human history is thus shaped. Each time a man stands up for an ideal, or acts to improve the lot of others, or strikes out against injustice, he sends forth a tiny ripple of hope, and crossing each other from a million different centers of energy and daring those ripples build a current which can sweep down the mightiest walls of oppression and resistance. "If Athens shall appear great to you," said Pericles, "consider then that her glories were purchased by valiant men, and by men who learned their duty." That is the source of all greatness in all societies, and it is the key to progress in our own time. The second danger is that of expediency; of those who say that hopes and beliefs must bend before immediate necessities. Of course if we must act effectively we must deal with the world as it is. We must get things done. But if there was one thing that President Kennedy stood for that touched the most profound feeling of young people across the world, it was the belief that idealism, high aspiration and deep convictions are not incompatible with the most practical and efficient of programs -- that there is no basic inconsistency between ideals and realistic possibilities -- no separation between the deepest desires of heart and of mind and the rational application of human effort to human problems. It is not realistic or hard-headed to solve problems and take action unguided by ultimate moral aims and values, although we all know some who claim that it is so. In my judgement, it is thoughtless folly. For it ignores the realities of human faith and of passion and of belief; forces ultimately more powerful than all the calculations of our economists or of our generals. Of course to adhere to standards, to idealism, to vision in the face of immediate dangers takes great courage and takes self-confidence. But we also know that only those who dare to fail greatly, can ever achieve greatly. It is this new idealism which is also, I believe, the common heritage of a generation which has learned that while efficiency can lead to the camps at Auschwitz, or the streets of Budapest, only the ideals of humanity and love can climb the hills of the Acropolis. A third danger is timidity. Few men are willing to brave the disapproval of their fellows, the censure of their colleagues, the wrath of their society. Moral courage is a rarer commodity than bravery in battle or great intelligence. Yet it is the one essential, vital quality for those who seek to change the world which yields most painfully to change. Aristotle tells us "At the Olympic games it is not the finest or the strongest men who are crowned, but those who enter the lists. . .so too in the life of the honorable and the good it is they who act rightly who win the prize." I believe that in this generation those with the courage to enter the conflict will find themselves with companions in every corner of the world. For the fortunate amongst us, the fourth danger is comfort; the temptation to follow the easy and familiar path of personal ambition and financial success so grandly spread before those who have the privelege of an education. But that is not the road history has marked out for us. There is a Chinese curse which says "May he live in interesting times." Like it or not, we live in interesting times. They are times of danger and uncertainty; but they are also the most creative of any time in the history of mankind. And everyone here will ultimately be judged -- will ultimately judge himself -- on the effort he has contributed to building a new world society and the extent to which his ideals and goals have shaped that effort. So we part, I to my country and you to remain. We are -- if a man of forty can claim the privelege -- fellow members of the world's largest younger generation. Each of us have our own work to do. I know at times you must feel very alone with your problems and with your difficulties. But I want to say how impressed I am with what you stand for and for the effort you are making; and I say this not just for myself, but men and women all over the world. And I hope you will often take heart from the knowledge that you are joined with your fellow young people in every land, they struggling with their problems and you with yours, but all joined in a common purpose; that, like the young people of my own country and of every country that I have visited, you are all in many ways more closely united to the brothers of your time than to the older generation in any of these nations; you are determined to build a better future. President Kennedy was speaking to the young people of America, but beyond them to young people everywhere, when he said "The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it -- and the glow from that fire can truly light the world." And, he added, "With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth and lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God's work must truly be our own." I thank you. more

Resolved Question: Will you critique my essay?

I will proofread it later. I am just interested in honest criticism on the content of this essay (not the grammar)! Topic: "The most dicriminated Race in America" (FYI: I know mainstream scientists find the deffinition for the word -race- a controversy) Racism and discrimination go hand in hand in America. People who are victims of racism fall into the category of people who have been prejudged based on their appearance in relation to an entire ethnic group; this is what is known as discrimination, or prejudice. It is a fact that about every ethnic group has had a time in American History in which it was discriminated upon based on people's skin color, native language, and/or shape of eyes. For example, Asians were discriminated upon for years right after the attacks on Pearl Harbor, Muslims were ( are) equally discriminated because of the terrorists attacks on the twin towers, Hispanics are discriminated because of immigration issues and Blacks were (and still are) discriminated upon because of skin color. Dating from the early 15th century until today, it is evident that discrimination against people based on their skin color continues, especially in African American communities. People of color have gone through years oppression and humiliation in the hands of the White man. Hopeful activists of the 1950's and 60's aided an entire ethnicity in it's liberation from the chains of slavery. Now in days it is illegal to cast racist remarks against any race, but the fact of the matter is that African Americans are still being outcast from society ( especially in the South of the United States). Now in days, one can still witness how stereotypes of the past can be brought to light in an instant. People of color are feared in certain communities, and so the person that believes the stereotypes attached to a particular race, in this case the African Americans, behaves with certain caution when approaching a member of that race. People of color notice right away the differential treatment between races and so united they stand in order to combat generalizations and stigma's attached to their character from the past. People of color have formed organizations like the NAACP, which brings to light all the illegal racist treatment by police, civilians and entire communities. This organization takes care of protecting the rights of African Americans, and/or people of color in general in order to make sure that everyone is treated fairly in the work force and in the streets. Although we are now in the 21st century, African Americans feel that institutional habits prevent them from attaining the jobs and homes they seek. Thankfully reparations towards a better future for people of color are still being made and affirmative action is being upheld in the court systems. Both affirmative action and group activists contribute a good deal of pressure to the government in order to keep checks and balances on African American minorities throughout the Unite States. All of this protection for people of color is vitally necessary because their are still racist sentiments in the hearts of some American people. African Americans are still being passed up for jobs because of their skin color, this is mainly evident in predominantly white communities. African Americans are also being discriminated upon for "taking advantage" of the welfare system, which is an entitlement to lower class communities that cannot afford the high cost of living in the U.S. People of color are still victims of negative prejudicial stereotypes in school as well as in the workforce. THeir are White communities that believe affirmative action took away their place in a job they could not get. There are AMericans who blame people of color for taking a job position that could have otherwise been theirs, if it had not been for "the quota system" jobs have to meet. This is evidence of racist thinking because their are numerous reason why a person of color was hired for a position that had applicants of other races. People of color do not only face discrimination in the workforce they also experience hate crimes, brutal treatment by police officers and discrimination in the streets. Even though it is illegal for police officers to brutally treat their arrestees, their are still countless cases of police brutally against people of color. Most of the time these cases have been caught on camera and so the whole world is able to see how police officers violate their authority and integrity by attacking an innocent person just because they felt threatened by that person's skin color. African AMericans also face discrimination in the streets. People of other races are weary when they see a group young black men approaching them. Young AFrican American males feel the most discriminated agaisnt in society not inly because of their age group, but also because of their skin color. Young African American females seem to feel the most discriminated agaisnt because they are women and are black. According to a national study on issues of politics, government, sex and marriage, researchers at the University of Chicago's Young Black Youth Project,, 54% percent of blacks receive poorer education on average than whites; 40% of hIspanics and 31% of whites agree. Clearly the school systems and government are failing in reforming the discrimination in schools at an educational and social level. In order for advancement in today's society, one requires a god education and fair treatment of peers and professors alike. How can an entire race progress intellectually if their education is being thwarted away by discrimination? A reform in today's school boards would be vitally necessary in order for blacks to have fair academic advancement and oppurtunites in life. Discrimination against another race is not justified by one's fear of the unknown. People have to realize that the old saying of "stick and stones" is false and misleading, words can deeply cut and penetrate one's goal's and ambitions. African Americans in particular stand united against a stained history in which America's ethics were diminished to a minute grain of sand. Blacks have certainly improved their social, economical and political way of living since the civil rights movements of the 1950's and 60's, but life expectancy, school success and crime rates are much lower among many African American communities than white communities. Organizations like the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People aid African American communities gain access to equal opportunities in school, in the work force and in life. There is still much left to be done in order for black to gain equal status as a race. more