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Resolved Question: 1977 National Women's Conference Plan of Action success?

The plan of action adopted at the 1977 National Women’s Conference featured 26 resolutions, or planks, on the following topics: By a topic by topic breakdown how successful have each of these been? Arts and humanities: Women should have equal opportunities in federal posts and equal access to arts grants. Battered women: A national clearinghouse must be created to support local organizations helping battered women and working to prevent domestic violence. Business: More government contracts to women-owned businesses, which numbered less than one percent in 1977. Child abuse: More prevention, treatment and protective services. Child care: Care must be low cost and high quality. Credit: The Equal Credit Opportunity Act must be enforced to make sure that women are no longer denied credit on the basis of gender. Disabled women: Equal access to education, training, employment and child custody rights. Education: More women in leadership positions and in textbooks. Title IX must be enforced. Elective and appointive office: More representation of women. Employment: More job opportunities and less discrimination. Equal Rights Amendment: The ERA must be ratified. Health: Health insurance benefits must include family planning and other concerns relevant to women. Homemakers: Must be covered under Social Security and have greater economic security, especially in the event of divorce or the death of a spouse. Insurance: Eliminate practices that deny women coverage on the basis of gender. International affairs: Increase the number of women in the departments of state and defense, aid women in developing nations and promote nuclear disarmament. Media: More women in media jobs, especially in leadership positions. Minority women: Eliminate discrimination, support affirmative action, guarantee tribal rights and prevent deportation of mothers of American-born children. Offenders: Improve health services and educational and vocational training. Older women: Help older women live with dignity. Rape: Expand the definition of rape to include married men who abuse their wives and reduce legal burdens on victims. Reproductive freedom: Support Roe v. Wade, promote family planning and allow Medicaid payments for abortion. Rural women: Create a federal rural education policy and expand ownership rights for farm wives. Sexual preference: Implement legislation to eliminate discrimination on the basis of sexual preference and repeal state laws restricting private sexual behavior between consenting adults. Statistics: Federal agencies should collect and analyze data in ways that assess the impact on women. Women, welfare and poverty: Improve social security and retirement systems, raise minimum wage, provide child care and focus on welfare and poverty as major women’s issues. Continuing committee of the conference: Create a committee to follow up on recommendations and take steps to convene a Second National Women’s Conference. more

Resolved Question: Who are Responsible for Backwardness of Tribal ?

Who are Responsible for Backwardness of Tribal ? India has been home to tribals since time immemorial, and they are naturally considered the original inhabitants of India. Their rich history and culture have provided tribes such as Santhal, Munda, Bhil, Meena, Ho Gond and others a distinct identity at the national and international level. The tribal areas of Rajasthan have been home to many tribes such as Bhil, Meena, Bhil-Meena, Damor and Garasia since ancient times. The tribes of Rajasthan have a history full of splendour and valor, and are thus famous for it. The tribal kings established their own kingdoms across the Rajputana. For instance, Dungaria Bhil had Dungarpur, Bansia (Vishna) Bhil had Banswara. Kotia Bhil had Kota, Jetasi Bhil had Abu as their kingdoms, which now constitute districts along these names in modern Rajasthan. Besides, Maharana Pratap, the great Rajputana warrior, had a Bhil warrior as his commander-in-chief, who is still revered by one and all. However, the tribal people have been victim of social, economic and religious discrimination and exploitation notwithstanding their rich history. They have been deprived of education, have been socially looked down upon and rejected, have been made to serve as bonded labour: a fact that has been time and again accepted, officially and unofficially, by politicians, social workers and scholars alike. Jansatta, a Hindi daily, in a news report headlined, “Kendra Anusuchit Jaati-Janjaati ke Liye Vishesh Tantra aur Kanoon Banane ke Paksh Mein” (Centre in Favour of Framing a Special System and Law for Scheduled Castes and Tribes), quoted Union Social Welfare and Empowerment Minister Meera Kumar as saying that more than 16 crore people in India still suffer from the scourge of untouchability. According to Union Home Minister Shivraj Patil, the scheduled castes and tribes are discriminated against even after six decades of India’s independence and affirmative action is needed to change this. In a similar vein, Union Law Minister Hansraj Bharadwaj has maintained that the victims of excesses are paid only lip service. The law minister further said that the discrimination against scheduled castes and tribes should be stemmed at the grassroots level and unless we as a nation change our thinking, these excesses will continue. Usually, non-tribals are held responsible for the backwardness, excesses on and exploitation of tribals. There is some truth to this generalization. But then are the non-tribals only to be blamed for tribal backwardness? Actually, if anybody has to be blamed for tribal backwardness it has to be tribals only. The facts speak for themselves. Take for instance the tribal subplan area of Rajasthan. As the sarpanch, pradhan, district board chairman, all are in most of the cases tribals of this area, so are the MLA, MP and tribal minister who invariably belong to this area. This only shows that they are well represented in governing and legislative bodies, and with a population of about 35 lakh they are not few in numbers. Yet, the common tribal is still struggling to make both ends meet even after 59 years of Independence, and only the tribal politicians, leaders, officials and employees and the youth can be blamed for the backwardness of the tribal society as they together have failed to discharge their responsibility toward their own community. Here, we will explore all this one by one. 1Role of Tribal Politicians As we all know, tribals face social, economic and religious exploitation and excesses which brings the role of tribal politicians into question because they have failed to tackle these problems by mobilizing the community into a movement. The main reason of this failure on their part is the lack of leadership among the tribal community. In addition, after Independence the community panchayats have been usurped by party politics, which has become a bane of the tribal society. The party politics has divided the tribal society into various party ideologies. As a result, most of the tribal leaders, instead of making the tribal development and upliftment their objective, only fulfill their political ambitions. Most of the tribal leaders work to mobilize crowds for their party rallies. They seldom work toward solving the problems of the community. Consequently, even after a period of 59 years, there has been a lack of programmes and schemes to put a planned and special area like the “Adivasi Upyojana Kshetra” (Tribal Subplan Area) on the path of development for the overall development of the tribal community. Of the 150 most backward districts of the country covered under the Food For Work Programme, three districts of Udaipur, Dungarpur and Banswara fall in Rajasthan where the government has to undertake famine relief every year. This only shows that this area has remained still backward because of which many villages lack even basic amenities like drinking water and electricity, there is a lack of irrigation facilities, transport and communication facilities. The tribals of these areas may be found wandering in states like Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Delhi to make ends meet. Most of the tribals are unable to benefit from government and non-government run employment schemes for the lack of information and rampant corruption. When some tribal politicians, rising above party politics, dare raise the issues concerning the development of tribals, they are accused of promoting casteism, and their party concerned retaliates by downsizing their political stature and putting checks on them. The threat of denial of tickets for the next elections is the most potent one that makes the tribal leaders helpless. Furthermore, there is no dearth of talented people among tribals, but they are being divided gradually along party lines and social groupings, and they are engaged in pulling down each other and fulfilling their political ambitions. This has only harmed the interests of the tribal society. It has been observed that the tribal leaders from southern Rajasthan have little grip over in the government administration. Lack of education, no influential positions in political parties, lack of awareness about constitutional provisions and rights, lack of information on development programmes and procedures of government departments are some of the reasons for this. The tribal leaders are worried only about their own future and work as yes man of their political masters, to the detriment of the larger interests of the tribal society. 2.Role of Tribal Officials and Employees Tribals living in Rajasthan’s Adivasi Upyojana Area have very low representation in government administration in comparison to non-tribals. They have little representation in Rajasthan administrative services. For instance, out of 600 recruitments so far done for tribals in state RAS and RTS, only 15—that is 2.5 percent were recruited from southern Rajasthan, and only 3 tribals have made it to Rajasthan administrative services. The tribals of this region have never made it to the Indian Administrative Services even after 59 years of Independence. In other words, there are only a handful of tribal officials and employees from this region. And most among these work under pressure and fear, and they never participate in various activities conducted for the prevention of excesses and exploitation perpetrated on tribal society. Keeping in mind that they have raise their children, they think they would work for their community after they retire from job. This is how the tribal officials and employees have failed in discharging their duty toward their society. But when they smell an opportunity to become MLA and MP, they are seen running around for tickets, in other words, they want to become politicians but not social workers. These officials and employees have little interaction with their community members. Most of them have become city dwellers, and they never encourage their children to participate in social and religious activities of their community. In other words, they fail to discharge their responsibility toward their community. The tribal officials and employees posted in this area have to face immense pressure from their political masters and have to work under fear as they are transferred by the politicians to serve their party interests and personal ambitions. This fear keeps them from participating in social development activities. They are thus unable to bring awareness among their fellow tribesmen and set an example before the youth. They only bid their time while waiting to complete their service period. But when they retire it is too late as they are unable to contribute anything substantial toward their community. 3.Role of Tribal Youth Owing to their poor economic condition, most of the tribals send their children to government schools and hostel. Needless to say the government educational institutions are ill-equipped to provide quality education to their wards. For instance, they don’t have qualified teachers in enough numbers, lack well-equipped science labs particularly in rural areas, have no playing grounds, libraries and reading rooms, lack furniture and classrooms. To top it all, students have to face caste discrimination in these institutions that reflects on the results of practical examinations of tribal students. Aware of all these pitfalls of government schools, when the poor tribal families try to get their children good education through missionary schools, some fanatic elements who have a sway upon the larger society dub this act as proselytization and create social and political pressure to deprive their children of education, although this is unconstitutional. How many tribal politicians, officials and social workers have turned their attention toward such occurrences? How many of them have ever bothered to visit the schools and hostels set up in rural tribal areas and tried to do something about the various problems that tribal students face their? How many students have they ever bothered to help and guide? But people venturing into this kind of endeavour are few, and such efforts still few and far between. Even those poor tribal students who try to overcome all difficulties in their studies focus only on getting a government job, and most of the time their efforts go in vain. 4.Role of the Common Tribal Generally, it can be observed that ordinary tribal’s socio-economic condition is so pathetic that all his concerns and efforts focus on making both ends meet, so much so that he is unable to think of his own development let alone making any effort toward resolving the problems the community is beset with. He simply gives up, and hopes that some leader, some official or holy man will descend and deliver us from our pathetic socio-economic condition. The ordinary tribal has left his fate in the hands of government and God. If somebody perpetrates excesses on them and exploits them, they simply bow down before them. If any tribal youth or leader dare raise his voice against such excesses and exploitation, the ordinary tribals fail to throw their weight behind him, as they are in awe of the socio-economic status of the perpetrator. . And if some youth goes to jail for fighting for the dignity of the tribal community or dies for the cause of the tribals, he becomes a part of statistics as his fellow tribesmen, taking such event as something too ordinary to be remembered, forget such sacrifices after a few days. This is one of the biggest faults that lie with the tribal community itself. The Adivasi Upyojana Kshetra is predominantly tribal, people’s representatives are tribals and there are about 1500 NGO which claim to be working for tribal cause, yet the tribals have to suffer excesses and exploitation even after 59 years of Independence. Suggestions The above analysis draws the attention toward important deficiencies of the tribal community which can be removed by the following suggestions: 1.Tribal politicians, officials and employees may have taken advantage of reservations to improve the socio-economic status of their families. But most of them seldom discharge their duty toward the less fortunate fellow tribesmen. Such individuals should be entrusted with special responsibility of contributing toward the socio-economic development of their fellowmen living in poor rural tribal areas. They should be involved especially in educational, health and awareness programmes. And if they don’t fulfill their duty toward the community, they should not be allowed to enjoy the benefits of reservation. 2.Owing to limited resources, the implementation of various schemes designed by the government for the uplift of tribals is an uphill task. As a result of this, the tribals dwelling in poor rural areas are deprived of quality education and health care, thus keeping the tribals backward compared to non-tribals. Various government and non-government studies show that various government schemes meant for the socio-economic development of tribals have failed to reach the intended beneficiaries for lack of adequate staff and resources. The government has now taken an initiative to implement such schemes by involving non-government agencies. But no positive results have emerged from such initiatives. We all know that the missionaries have played a crucial role in providing quality education and health care to the rural poor. It is evident from the socio-economic condition of the tribals of the Northeast, including Assam, Nagaland, Meghalya, Tripura, Manipur, etc., and Jharkhand, which is much better than that of other tribals. The tribals of these areas are contributing their might in a significant way in many countries. It would be advisable to handover tribal development programmes in Rajasthan, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh to the missionaries, so that the tribal communities of these states also become aware of their human rights and become an equal partners in the socio-economic development along with non-tribals. The no tribal will ever oppose the theory of merit. I also feel that till there is reservation available to them, there abilities will be questioned by the larger society as those who have availed themselves off the benefit of reservation have contributed little significant to the society and the country. It is therefore necessary to make those who are enjoying the fruits of reservation (1) to serve at least for the first five years, after they get a government job, serve in tribal areas and contribute to the welfare and development of the community, (2) adopt a tribal child to raise and educate him and (3) contribute a certain percentage of his earning to development work in tribal areas, such as digging of wells, construction of schools and community centres so that it helps the ordinary tribals lead a life of dignity. And they can say with pride, when time comes, that they are discharging their duty toward their community in return for the benefits of reservation that the government has provided them. 3.Party politics has pushed the tribal panchayats to the brink of ruin. The traditional tribal panchayats have historically played a crucial role in tribal society. It is therefore necessary to revive and strengthen them, as in their absence it would be difficult for the tribal community to reclaim its pride and rightful place in the society. It is apparent from experience that party politics is not going to resolve the problems that the tribal community is besieged with because had the decisions inspired by party politics been beneficial, the tribals would have never been living in pathetic condition even after 59 years of Independence. If any tribal receives lathis in the movements and rallies, held for tribal dignity and resolution of tribal society’s socio-economic problems, is jailed and takes bullets, such person should be revered by the community. We should raise monuments in the honour of such martyrs of the tribal cause, so that they become a role model and source of inspiration, as is the practice in Jharkhand. The community panchayats can also promote community participation in rural development work, so that we don’t have to depend on government alone for our socio-economic development. Every villager should be encouraged to contribute to mobilize resources and remove various deficiencies besetting development work. Villagers should also be encouraged to set up self-help groups so that a positive change is harnessed in their economic condition. 4.The tribal community is depicted in a wrong light in many films, papers and magazines. So it is pertinent for us to expose such tribals and non-tribals, organizations and groups, who are hurting the tribal interests and defaming the community, and give them a befitting reply. Many fundamentalist organizations are working overtime to create a deep wedge in tribal community, making tribals their own enemies. If such dangerous tendency is not checked, the time is not too far when we will have strife on our hands in which tribals will kill taibals. We can on the basis of above say that it will be erroneous to hold non-tribals solely responsible for the backwardness of the tribals of southern Rajasthan. If the tribal community has to suffer excesses and exploitation, and has remained a laggard in development, then tribal politicians, official, employees are as much to be blamed for this sorry state of affairs. It is because these people have use their tribal identity to reap the benefits by becoming politician (MPs, MLAs, district board chairmen, pradhans), government officials and employees. But when it comes to discharging their duty toward their own community they have largely failed. Tribal society will have to suffer excesses and exploitation till every tribal fight for his rights and discharges his duty toward the community. Although the government time and again claims to have spent crores of rupees on the development of southern Rajasthan, the reality on the ground is opposite, as there has been too little development to support such claims. This has led to growing socio-economic and political dissent among tribals of this area. Keeping in view this discontent, some individuals have taken laudable initiative. The foremost among them is Satguru Shri Mohanji Sharma who has been working for the socio-economic uplift of the tribals of southern Rajasthan for the past 15 years. He is guiding the tribal students by spreading awareness among them to help them learn to live with dignity. He is, in fact, in his own way uniting the tribals of this area. There are some politicians who rising above their party lines and ideologies are contributing a lot to the development of tribals. Prominent among them are Tribal Minister Nand Lal Meena, MP Mahaveer Bhagora, Former MP Mahendrajeet Malavia and Tara Chand Bhagora, MLAs Jeetmal Khont and Raghuveer Meena. There efforts are worth a thousand plaudits. The dissention widespread among the tribals of this area is now leading to a demand for a separate tribal state, which is being raised by some tribal youth. Supporting this demand are thousands of educated tribal youth and victims of excesses and exploitation. Those tribal politicians who were used and then dumped by their political parties are also throwing their weight behind this movement. It also appears that the non-tribal people of the area who are trying to bring the tribals in the mainstream of development are also supporting this demand, directly or indirectly. All this portends well. Dr. Lalit Latta Joshua, Senior Research Officer, Institute Of Applied Manpower Research ( Planning Commission, Govt. of India ) Plot No. 25, Sector A-7, Institutional Area, Narela, Delhi-110040. The views expressed in this paper are of the author and not of the institute in which he is employed. more

Resolved Question: UK ethnic minority statistics: Why such a discrepancy between no. of graduates and no. who find employment?

According to the Independent, 26.7% of graduates who are recruited are from an ethnic minority: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/higher/graduates-from-ethnic-minorities-are-entering-a-wider-variety-of-careers-than-ever-before-781836.html the only figures I can find online for the number of ethnic minorities in Higher Education is 12 - 13%. This is from the late 90s, I don't know if there is any more up-to-date information? Assuming 13% of graduates are from ethnic minorites, then how come 26.7% of graduates who are recruited are from ethnic minorities? Why such a discrepancy? Has any study looked at this kind of data? Does it suggest equal opportunities and employment quota policies have gone too far? Or do ethnic minorites work harder/better? Or have I got the above figures wrong or misconstrued them? Any opinions or further information welcome. more

Resolved Question: What do you think of this open letter to Barack Obama?

What a wonderful aspiring man! I committed to voting for him quite some time ago. I really like this guy. I am white and I live in Maine and I am a Forgive Affirmed Spirit. There are stories on the other side of this discrimination and one against another too. Stories of people who have allowed discrimination, people who were misguided by their guardians who knew not what they were doing, and who got oppressed and discriminated against even when there were no black people around. People who got discriminated upon because they were poor and to be taken advantage of. And when these people got out into the world, they were told, there has to be a "runt". And so these people constantly fought to not be the runt and mixed with the people that discriminated in other ways to take the focus off of them. Timid carpet baggers who were crushed by the children of the status quo in their area and in their time. And they tried to teach their children same. But their children met those who would not tolerate it and got married to them and learned better. And those who did not tolerate the race discrimination often came from unique, odd religious beliefs and got shunned by the creeds of their day. Creedism running rampant in our society, brought on by the fairseers of yesteryear laying claim to rights and privilidges that should not be granted to the "odd" believers. Those odd believers, although nice people, they did not and or do not go for mistreatment and do not swear allegiance to the gods of yesteryear, the status quo gods worshipped by our forefathers that allowed the race discrimination to continue it's destruction path. I recall a day in my basic training at Lakeland Air Force Base in 1971, when the drill seargent started pushing around a black airman and saw me coming over and asked in front of everyone there, "Who here thinks I need to stop pushing this man around?". There was almost complete silence as I stepped to the forefront and said, "I do!", and with that the drill sargeant released all the other men and just stared at me, but he left the black man alone! I stood up, but I paid a price the rest of basic training. That is another story. I became the runt, as it were, again. I am an odd religious person. On the one hand, I am called a Christian because I have learned about the Bible and Jesus etc. On the other hand, I find fault, I discern even Jesus. Today, the status quo is holding on for dear life, holding on to that which they got taught, that which they memorized that authorized them at the same time to discriminate. They worship some sanctity, some infactuation that somewhere in history there had to be this man Jesus, and no matter what he did in life, all his actions are more without question than all other people in humanity! All his actions were exact and worthy and right, while others before and after him made errors in judgment. This is a sickness that pervades our society, that hides in it's conscience, that some man, 2000 years ago, that could go around and appropriate whatever he decided he wanted and insult whomever he wanted and proclaim a law of love and occasionally participate in a healing, was infallible in all his insults... and he and they who worship him can call that love! Herein lies the problem! Society still wants a Messiah. The walls of Jericho came down with a gathering, not one man! You are absolutely right! And we need to realize that religion, Christian religious status quo that punishes, that has punished, those who are oddly nice, is against the constitution and the laws that protect this beastly discriminatory behavior need to be repealed. One such law is the Privacy Act of 1974 which hides creed discrimination behind the status quo protection of making it illegal to collect data to prove discrimination of creed, by hiding the statistics, the religion of an applicant, thus hiding the differences and calling that the law, thereby hiding minority status that is supposed to be protected under the Civil Rights and Equal Employment Opportunity Acts. This cowardice behavior, this cowardice law keeps the white runts, the odd nice people that got out of the status quo religions that supported messianic worship of one man who could insult people... it keeps those white runts ....down. It makes them the slaves of the modern society. It makes sure that if they want to get promoted, they don't .....because they are different. People will say to them "Someday you will get your reward in heaven!", "You are too good for this job, for this place where you now work!". Nice accolades, huh? You get a degree in Business Management and they find out and they send one of their own managers to tell you, "We know you got a degree but you will never be a supervisor here in this place!". Nice stuff for odd nice people. These are Catholics, Protestants, Masons, organized creeds that are there to make sure you don't participate in their prosperity! This is what I put up with while working for the federal government for 36 years! I just thought you should have an idea how the white people sometimes have to deal with it too! You are not alone. I am not voting for you purely on your race opinions. I am voting for you because I feel you are the best chance of getting America on track. Thanks for being you!....Love ya man! more

Resolved Question: Huck Finn essay yay or nay? huck finn and racism?

Resolved Question: Question for people who question about women in Islam?

About 42% of federally employed women were harassed in their jobs, stated a recent 2 year survey done by the Official Merits Protection Board. Another 60% of the members of the American Federation of State, Country and Municipal Employees said that sexual harassment was a frequent problem for them. And between 1981 and 1985, the number of such complaints to the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission, established to monitor employment practices, shot up by 70%. (http://www.themodernreligion.com/women/w_westharassment.htm) police-recorded rapes totaled 95,770 in the United States in 1995 http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/html/cjusew96/crpr.htm for more information of the statistics please refer to Bureau websiteDear AngelDust, it is not about Kafir women or muslim women, it is about equality and harmony, what Islam has established for woman is that which suits her nature, gives her full security and protects her against disgraceful circumstances,slam grants woman equal rights to contract, to enterprise, to earn and possess independently. Her life, her property, her honor are as sacred as those of man. If she commits any offense, her penalty is no less or more than of man’s in a similar case. If she is wronged or harmed, she gets due compensations equal to what a man in her position would get (2:178;4:45, 92-93)The point I am tryin to make is that it does not matter what people do, but the blame goes on the religion, society, or government, so it irrespective of what we as humans do but we will not blame ourselves, we will find ways to put blame on othersit is not a propaganda against west...or any nation, just read your answer and you have not fell short of cursing islam for the fate of women in middle eastern countries, I even did not ask you to comment on anything..you should have read my question first..brother..it is not for rape that 4 witness are required..but for adultery..brother.. more